#49 Second Variety- Philip K. Dick

#49 Second Variety- Philip K. Dick

In an alternate Cold War outcome, the earth has been mostly destroyed by nuclear bombs.  Two sides still battle on “terra” near Normandy, France.  The Americans have designed AI creatures called “claws” that have decimated the Russian defenses. In a familiar arms race refrains they justify it by:

“If we hadn’t invented them, they would have.”

“It was interesting, the use of artificial forms of warfare. How had they got started? Necessity.”

We learn that the Claws have started designing their own AI machines that can’t or don’t care to discern between American or Russian troops, and will kill any human they find. The first variety is The Wounded Soldier designed to make real living soldiers open the bunkers for the Claws.  The third variety looks like a human child and is called David Edward Derring (D.E.D or dead). As they wonder what the missing Second Variety is, the trapped humans turn on each other in a paranoid state.

There is a lot of Cold War symbolism in this story, marveling at the chilling effectiveness of the robots, a Russian solder says: “It only takes one of them. Once the first one gets in it admits the others. Hundreds of them, all alike…Perfect socialism…the ideal of the communist state. All citizens interchangeable.” A perfect statement of the communist stereotype that American’s feared during the “Red Scare.”

There was a nice symbol of the gray lizard that masked itself as the color of the ash, calling it the “perfect adaptation.” Overall a good story, extremely predictable now, but I’m sure less so in 1953. It probably could have been 20 pages shorter. 

Notable Passage: “Your creations are your greatest achievements.”

Rating: 7-7-6-8 Total= 28

#38 Imposter (1953)- Philip Dick

The earth is involved in a brutal war with the Outspacers.  Spence Olham, an engineer working with The Project is arrested and accused of being an enemy spy.  According to intelligence, because of his high level access he was chosen by the Outspacers to be killed and replaced by a robot carrying an animated u-bomb.  Of course Olham denies any of this is true and we spend the whole story wondering which side is correct.

“There wasn’t anyway I could demonstrate that I wasn’t myself.”

This is an OK story, which apparently inspired two different feature films, the last of which was released in 2002 and starred Gary Sinise…who knew?  It has some typically fun Sci-fi elements like warring alien races, humanoid robots, space stations on the far side of the moon, etc.  Overall it’s a satisfying read although not at the same level as Dick’s more important works.

Among the myriad nitpicking one can do while reading sci-fi stories, was a fun little moment when Olham escapes capture on the moon.  We are in a society so sophisticated that we can travel to the moon in an hour by ourselves but security is so lax that a war criminal of the highest order can elude his death sentence by the equivalent of a “look at that pink elephant over there” distraction prank.  Amusing.

 Notable Passage: “Everyone was frightened, everyone was willing to sacrifice the individual because of the group fear.”

Rating: 7-7-7-6 Total= 27

#32 Minority Report- Philip K. Dick

#32 Minority Report- Philip K. Dick

I have always been a fan of sci-fi but never a true SCI-FI FAN.  What I mean, is that I’ve always liked what I read but was far from knowledgeable about the genre, or its  deep history and influence over culture and technology.   For example, when I was in high school I volunteered to do a verbal presentation about the history of robots, but I still have never read nor seen genre classics like Dune…gasp, I know! 

BTW, here’s a fun fact I remember from that 10^th grade report: did you know that Czech Sci-Fi writer Karel Capek invented the word Robot in his 1920 story Rossum’s Universal Robots (of course the concept of robots came much earlier). "Robot" became only the 2^nd Czech word to enter the English language. Can you name the first? *see answer below

This past year I’ve been reading many SF authors new to me, and of course P.K.Dick is one of those legendary names. For this project, I begin with a collection of short fiction called Minority Report.  I will not compare or mention outside of this paragraph the movie made from this tale, one of three huge blockbusters based on Dick’s work.  Not that this Tom Cruisiest of Tom Cruise movies doesn’t warrant a watch, just that this is a blog about the written word. So by all means have at the film if you wish.

Minority Report posses a classic moral discussion, and one played out in law enforcement and military engagements throughout time…the difference between preventive and pre-emptive action. If you could view the future and see someone commit a crime before it happens, is that person guilty of that crime deserving of punishment?  The world of the MR amazingly has a pre-cognitive program with time-viewing abilities and has answered that question in the resounding affirmative. And it works! 

“In our society we have no major crimes…but we do have a detention center full of would-be criminals.”

There are two ways laws generally work.  They’re either coercive or punitive.  If you refuse to talk to a grand jury for example, you are locked up until you do. That’s coercive. If you steal somebody’s car you are also locked up as punishment, that’s punitive.  The pre-cog program, by its mere existence is somehow both purely coercive and purely punitive.  This world has rid itself of 99.8% of all violent crime, but still has a prison full of people locked up. How can you punish someone for a crime if it was stopped before it happens? That’s where the fun begins.

Since the precog program KNOWS that someone will break the law, that person already HAS broken the law.  The concept of space-time is always fascinating, and making crime prevention the centerpiece of this mind experiment is brilliant.

Unfortunately, readers wanting an in depth discussion into metaphysics are distracted by the story of a power struggle between the two entities that share the precog information. The military wishes to prove that by telling the future criminal the details of their future crime, they change the very existence of that crime.  More importantly, that even the precogs can get it wrong sometimes, and if you can’t actually predict the future 100%, you can’t doll out punishment absolutely…what a concept?  (heavy sarcastic tone)

There are obvious large holes in this story. Precogs can predict someone cheating on their taxes but not the chief of police being framed or a massive military coup? Pre-crime has gotten rid of all violent crime but guns still exist? With the two parties who can see the future fighting it out, shouldn’t the future-reading abilities spin off into some crazy feedback loop of prediction?

I would have loved to see more discussion about preemptive vs. preventive law enforcement, or seen a larger look at The Theory of Multiple Futures which outlines the concept of the Minority Report.

The largest cloud looming over this story, or at least should be is this obvious question:  Why not just lock people up for the period when the future crime was supposed to be committed, then let them go? I guess we're supposed to assume this society has already had this discussion. Fine, then how does a society that allows for zero tolerance on thought-crimes, let the one guy who did commit an actual murder NOT get locked up in the end?

The concepts here are amazing, the story engaging, and the legacy of this work is clear, but in pure story-crafting terms, the execution was somewhat lacking. But that shouldn’t take away the impact that it has had on the genre.

Notable Passages: “Perhaps he was trapped in a closed, meaningless time circle with no motive and no beginning.” 

Been there!

“With eyes glazed blank, it contemplated a world that did not yet exist, blind to the physical reality that lay around it.”

Yup…been there too!

Rating: 7-9-6-10 Total =32

*Answer to question: The first Czech word to enter the English language is Pistol.  Although minor etymology disputes sometimes claim the word arises from French or German words, most historians side with it originating in the Czech language.